Volume 8, Issue 3 (September 2021)                   Health Spiritual Med Ethics 2021, 8(3): 155-162 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

darmiani S, haghi rudi M, dastjerdi R. Evaluation of Empathy With Patients and Related Factors in Dental Students. Health Spiritual Med Ethics 2021; 8 (3) :155-162
URL: http://jhsme.muq.ac.ir/article-1-406-en.html
1- Assistant Professor of Endodontics, Department of Endodontics , School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences , soheiladarmiani@yahoo.com
2- Dentist, Khaf, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
3- Department of Psychology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Abstract:   (1465 Views)
Background and Objectives: A human is a social being and needs social cohesion, support, and understanding. The relationship between the dentist and patient is a specific example of social support and empathy. The patient is also an example of social support. An empathetic dentistpatient relationship can effectively improve the physical, psychological, and social wellbeing of the patient. In this relationship, a physician can make a better diagnosis and deliver a more satisfactory treatment outcome. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate empathy and its related factors in dental students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand City, Iran, in 2020.
Methods: The study population consisted of all students of clinical dentistry. After obtaining informed consent from the students, Jefferson’s questionnaire was distributed among them.
Students’ demographic information was asked in the questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and the independent t test at the significant level of 0.05.
Results: A total of 78 (42.3% male and 57.7% female) dental students participated in this study. Their Mean±SD score of empathy was 57±5.57. The mean empathy score was significantly higher in females than males (P=0.04). The mean score of empathy was significantly higher in
students who were more interested in their field (P=0.03). The mean score of empathy for students was not significantly different in terms of study semester (P=0.06), marital status (P=0.95), communication skills (P=0.16), and mother’s (P=0.11), and father’s (P=0.92) education.
Conclusion: The mean score of empathy was significantly higher in females and students who
Full-Text [PDF 941 kb]   (576 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (214 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: Special
Received: 2020/10/6 | Accepted: 2021/08/25 | Published: 2022/01/30

References
1. ] Jones LM, Huggins TJ. Empathy in the dentist-patient relationship: Review and application. N Z Dent J. 2014; 110(3):98-
2. [PMID]
3. [2] O'Tuathaigh CMP, Nadhirah Idris A, Duggan E, Costa P, Costa MJ. Medical students' empathy and attitudes towards professionalism: Relationship with personality, specialty preferDarmiani et al. Evaluation of Empathy and Related Factors. Health Spiritual Med Ethics J. 2021; 8(3):155-162160 September 2021. Volume 8. Number 3
4. ence and medical programme. PLoS One. 2019; 14(5):e0215675. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0215675]
5. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0215675] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0215675]
6. [3] Rieffe C, Ketelaar L, Wiefferink CH. Assessing empathy in young children: Construction and validation of an Empathy
7. Questionnaire (EmQue). Pers Individ Dif. 2010; 49(5):362-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.046]
8. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.046] [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.046]
9. [4] Narang R, Mittal L, Saha S, Aggarwal VP, Sood P, Mehra S. Empathy among dental students: A systematic review of literature. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2019; 37(4):316-26. [DOI:10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_72_19]
10. [DOI:10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_72_19] [PMID] [DOI:10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_72_19]
11. [5] Watanabe S, Yoshida T, Kono T, Taketa H, Shiotsu N, Shirai
12. H, et al. Relationship of trainee dentists' self-reported empathy and communication behaviors with simulated patients' assessment in medical interviews. PLoS One. 2018; 13(12):e0203970. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0203970]
13. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0203970] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0203970]
14. [6] Goodchild CE, Skinner TC, Parkin T. The value of empathy in dietetic consultations. A pilot study to investigate its effect on
15. satisfaction, autonomy and agreement. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2005;
16. 18(3):181-5. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2005.00606.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2005.00606.x]
17. [7] Halpern J. What is clinical empathy? J Gen Intern Med. 2003; 18(8):670-4. [DOI:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21017.x] [DOI:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21017.x]
18. [PMID] [PMCID]
19. [8] Nijholt A, Stock O, Nishida. Social intelligence design in ambient intelligence. AI Soc. 2009; 24(1):1-3. [DOI:10.1007/ [DOI:10.1007/s00146-009-0192-7]
20. s00146-009-0192-7]
21. [9] Weis S, Süß HM. Reviving the search for social intelligenceA multitrait-multimethod study of its structure and construct
22. validity. Pers Individ Dif. 2007; 42(1):3-14. [DOI:10.1016/j. paid.2006.04.027]
23. [10] Asemani O. [A review of the models of physician-patient relationship and its challenges (Persian)]. Med Ethics Hist Med.
24. 2012; 5(4):36-50. http://ijme.tums.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html
25. [11] Chen D, Lew R, Hershman W, Orlander J. A cross-sectional
26. measurement of medical student empathy. J Gen Intern Med.
27. 2007; 22(10):1434-8. [DOI:10.1007/s11606-007-0298-x] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1007/s11606-007-0298-x]
28. [12] Sherman JJ, Cramer A. Measurement of changes in empathy during dental school. J Dent Educ. 2005; 69(3):338-45. [DOI:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2005.69.3.tb03920.x]
29. [DOI:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2005.69.3.tb03920.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2005.69.3.tb03920.x]
30. [13] Adamson K, Loomis C, Cadell S, Verweel LC. Interprofessional empathy: A four-stage model for a new understanding
31. of teamwork. J Interprof Care. 2018; 32(6):752-61. [PMID] [DOI:10.1080/13561820.2018.1511523]
32. [14] Khodabakhsh MR, Mansoori P. [Empathy and its impact
33. on promoting physician-patients relationship (Persian)]. Med
34. Ethics Hist Med. 2011; 4(3):38-46. http://ijme.tums.ac.ir/
35. article-1-172-en.html
36. [15] Schnur JB, Montgomery GH. A systematic review of therapeutic alliance, group cohesion, empathy, and goal consensus/collaboration in psychotherapeutic interventions in cancer: Uncommon factors? Clin Psychol Rev. 2010; 30(2):238-47. [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.005]
37. [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.005] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.005]
38. [16] Kulich KR, Berggren U, Hallberg LR. A qualitative analysis of patient-centered dentistry in consultations with dental
39. phobic patients. J Health Commun. 2003; 8(2):171-87. [PMID] [DOI:10.1080/10810730305694]
40. [17] Jabari Far SE, Khalifesoltani FS, Nilchian F, Yosefi AR, Hosseinpour K. [Empathy levels in undergraduate and postgraduate dental students in Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry in 2011
41. (Persian)]. J Isfahan Dent Sch. 2012; 7(5):753-62. http://jids.
42. journalonweb.ir/index.php/jids/article/view/463
43. [18] Prabhu S, Kumar VS, Prasanth SS, Kishore S. Standing in patients' shoes-survey on empathy among dental students in
44. India. J Educ Ethics Dent. 2014; 4(2):69-73. [DOI:10.4103/0974- [DOI:10.4103/0974-7761.148990]
45. 148990]
46. [19] Hemmerdinger JM, Stoddart SD, Lilford RJ. A systematic review of tests of empathy in medicine. BMC Med Educ. 2007; [DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-7-24]
47. 7:24. [DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-7-24] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-7-24]
48. [20] Magalhães E, Salgueira AP, Costa P, Costa MJ. Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: A cross-sectional
49. study. BMC Med Educ. 2011; 11:52. [DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-
50. 52] [PMID] [PMCID]
51. [21] Spencer J. Decline in empathy in medical education: How can we stop the rot? Med Educ. 2004; 38(9):916-8. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01965.x]
52. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01965.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01965.x]
53. [22] Hashim MJ. Patient-Centered communication: Basic skills. Am Fam Physician. 2017; 95(1):29-34. https://www.aafp.
54. org/afp/2017/0101/p29.html
55. [23] Benbassat J, Baumal R. What is empathy, and how can it be promoted during clinical clerkships? Acad Med. 2004; [DOI:10.1097/00001888-200409000-00004]
56. 79(9):832-9. [DOI:10.1097/00001888-200409000-00004] [PMID] [DOI:10.1097/00001888-200409000-00004]
57. [24] Karimi FZ, Zarifnejad G, Abdolahi M, Ali Taghipour A. [Surveying the factor structure and reliability of the Persian
58. version of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy-health care
59. provider student version (JSE-HPS) (Persian)]. J Hayat. 2015;
60. 21(3):5-14. http://hayat.tums.ac.ir/article-1-1179-en.html
61. [25] Hojat M, Mangione S, Gonnella JS, Nasca T, Veloski JJ,Kane G. Empathy in medical education and patient care. Acad
62. Med. 2001; 76(7):669. [DOI:10.1097/00001888-200107000- [DOI:10.1097/00001888-200107000-00002]
63. 00001] [PMID]
64. [26] Tsiantou D, Lazaridou D, Coolidge T, Arapostathis KN,Kotsanos N. Psychometric properties of the Greek version
65. of the Toronto Composite Empathy Scale in Greek dental
66. students. Eur J Dent Educ. 2013; 17(4):208-17. [DOI:10.1111/ [DOI:10.1111/eje.12037]
67. eje.12037] [PMID]
68. [27] Shahab S, Rejeh N, Nasiri M, Asghari Rad R. [Empathy with patients among dentistry students in Tehran (Persian)].
69. Med Ethics Hist Med. 2014; 7(4):55-65. http://ijme.tums.
70. ac.ir/article-1-5415-en.html
71. [28] Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Nasca TJ, Mangione S, Vergare M, Magee M. Physician empathy: Definition, components,
72. measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty.
73. Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159(9):1563-9. [DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1563] [PMID] [DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1563]
74. [29] Archer E, Turner R. Measuring empathy in a group of South African undergraduate medical students using the
75. student version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2019; 11(1):e1-e5. [DOI:10.4102/
76. phcfm.v11i1.1956] [PMID] [PMCID]
77. [30] Mirani SH, Shaikh NA, Tahir A. Assessment of clinical empathy among medical students using the Jefferson Scale
78. of Empathy-Student Version. Cureus. 2019; 11(2):e4160.[DOI:10.7759/cureus.4160] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.7759/cureus.4160]
79. [31] Sadeghiyeh H, Aghababaei N, Hatami J, Khorami Bonaraki
80. A. [Comparing situational and dispositional empathy, considerDarmiani et al. Evaluation of Empathy and Related Factors. Health Spiritual Med Ethics J. 2021; 8(3):155-162161 September 2021. Volume 8. Number 3 [DOI:10.32598/hsmej.8.3.3]
81. ing the role of gender (Persian)]. Soc Psychol Res. 2011; 1(2):1-18.
82. https://www.socialpsychology.ir/article_123190.html
83. [32] Kazemipoor M, sattar boroujeni S, hakimian R. [Patient
84. empathy and related factors in undergraduate and postgraduate dental students (Persian)]. J Med Educ Dev. 2018;
85. 13(1):58-67. http://jmed.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-878-en.html
86. [33] Ameh PO, Uti OG, Daramola OO. Empathy among dental students in a Nigerian institution. Eur J Dent Educ. 2019; [DOI:10.1111/eje.12412]
87. 23(2):135-42. [DOI:10.1111/eje.12412] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/eje.12412]
88. [34] ALaee A, Farokhnia T, CHaharkameh M. [Dentist's altitude about Empathy and related factors (Persian)]. J Res Dent
89. Sci. 2016; 12(4):208-14. http://jrds.ir/article-1-678-en.html
90. [35] Shariat SV, Habibi M. Empathy in Iranian medical students: Measurement model of the Jefferson scale of empathy.
91. Med Teach. 2013; 35(1):e913-8. [PMID] [DOI:10.3109/0142159X.2012.714881]
92. [36] Hashemipour MS, Karami MA. [Validity and reliability of the Persian version of JSPE-HP Questionnaire (Jefferson
93. Scale Of Physician Empathy-Health Professionals Version)
94. (Persian)]. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2012; 19(2).201-11. http://
95. jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16537.html
96. [37] La Monica EL, Wolf RM, Madea AR, Oberst MT. Empathy and nursing care outcomes. Sch Inq Nurs Pract. 1987; 1(3):197-
97. [PMID]
98. [38] Van Winkle LJ, Fjortoft N, Hojat M. Impact of a workshop
99. about aging on the empathy scores of pharmacy and medical students. Am J Pharm Educ. 2012; 76(1):9. [DOI:10.5688/ [DOI:10.5688/ajpe7619]
100. ajpe7619] [PMID] [PMCID]
101. [39] Esagian G, Esagian-Pouftsis S, Kaprinis SG. [Empathy in psychiatry and psychotherapy (Greek)]. Psychiatriki. 2019; [DOI:10.22365/jpsych.2019.302.156]
102. 30(2):156-64. [DOI:10.22365/jpsych.2019.302.156] [PMID] [DOI:10.22365/jpsych.2019.302.156]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb