Volume 7, Issue 1 (March 2020)
Health Spiritual Med Ethics 2020, 7(1): 60-67 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
FallahMortezaNejad S, Delpasand K, EslamiKenarsari H. Corruption in Hospitals, Causes and Prevention. Health Spiritual Med Ethics 2020; 7 (1) :60-67
URL: http://jhsme.muq.ac.ir/article-1-327-en.html
URL: http://jhsme.muq.ac.ir/article-1-327-en.html
1- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Assistant Professor of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj , Iran. ,kd388@yahoo.com
3- Statiscian, Poursina Clinical Research Development, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
2- Assistant Professor of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj , Iran. ,
3- Statiscian, Poursina Clinical Research Development, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Abstract: (3981 Views)
Background and Objectives: Corruption is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon emerging when people misuse their power for personal gain. The current study aimed to delve into the causes of corruption in hospitals and anti-corruption preventive measures.
Methods: In this review study, national and international databases were searched using the keywords “corruption”, “health” and “hospital” and their English equivalents, both separately and in conjunction.
Results: In both advanced and developing countries, corruption is on the rise in hospitals and related preventive measures are steadily getting more complicated. In addition, informal payments have affected hospitals and paying for officially free of charge services has led to patients’ distrust in the healthcare system..
Conclusion: Allocation of different roles and responsibilities to regulators, payers, healthcare providers, suppliers, and consumers has made good decision-making difficult even with the absolute honesty of all the people involved. In other words, in organizations with underlying principles of secrecy and confidentiality, such consequences as corruption are inevitable.
Methods: In this review study, national and international databases were searched using the keywords “corruption”, “health” and “hospital” and their English equivalents, both separately and in conjunction.
Results: In both advanced and developing countries, corruption is on the rise in hospitals and related preventive measures are steadily getting more complicated. In addition, informal payments have affected hospitals and paying for officially free of charge services has led to patients’ distrust in the healthcare system..
Conclusion: Allocation of different roles and responsibilities to regulators, payers, healthcare providers, suppliers, and consumers has made good decision-making difficult even with the absolute honesty of all the people involved. In other words, in organizations with underlying principles of secrecy and confidentiality, such consequences as corruption are inevitable.
Type of Study: Review Article |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2019/08/7 | Accepted: 2019/10/26 | Published: 2020/03/1
Received: 2019/08/7 | Accepted: 2019/10/26 | Published: 2020/03/1
References
1. Vian T. Review of corruption in the health sector: theory, methods and interventions. Health Pol Plann 2008;23(2):83-94. [DOI:10.1093/heapol/czm048]
2. Mardali M, Nasiripour A, Masoudi A, Abdi J. Model of Corruption Measurement for Islamic Republic of Iran's Healthcare System. Med Law. 2018;11(43):127-46. [Persian]
3. Savedoff WD. Global Corruption Report 2006. 1 ed. London: Pluto Press; 2006.
4. Darvish H, Azimi Zachekani F. The effect on reducing corruption organization Transparency mediated by organizational trust studied Khordad hospital staff Varamin. J Public Admin (Management Knowledge). 2016;8(1):153-66. [Persian]
5. Holmberg S, Rothstein B. Dying of corruption. Health Econ Pol Law. 2011;6(4):529-47. [DOI:10.1017/S174413311000023X]
6. Habibov N. Effect of corruption on healthcare satisfaction in post-soviet nations: A cross-country instrumental variable analysis of twelve countries. Soc Sci Med. 2016;152:119-24. [DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.044]
7. Transparency International. Global corruption barometer [Internet]. 2013 [2019 July 10]. Available from:www.transparency.org/gcb2013/in_detail
8. Becker D, Kessler D, McClellan M. Detecting medicare abuse. J Health Econ. 2005;24(1):189-210. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.07.002]
9. Inter-American Development Bank, organize charity soccer tournament in Washington, DC [Internet]. 2002 [2019 July 12]. Available from:https://www.iadb.org/en/news/news-releases/2002-06-03/inter-american--development-bank-organize-charity-soccer-tournament-in-washington-dc%2C237.html
10. Lewis M. Governance and corruption in public health care systems. Center for global development [Internet]. 2006 [2019 July 4]. Available from:http://www.cgdev.org/publication/governance-and-corruptionpublic-health-care-systems-working-paper-78 [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.984046]
11. Transparency International Global Corruption Report [Internet]. 2006 [2019 July 2]. Available from: http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_
12. Mostert S, Njuguna F, Olbara G, Sindano S, Sitaresmi MN, Supriyadi E, et al. Corruption in health-care systems and its eff ect on cancer care in Africa. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(8):394-404. [DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00163-1]
13. Delpasand K, Kiani M, Afshar L, Tavakkoli SN, Shirazi SFH. Extracting the Ethical Challenges of Pharmacy Profession in Iran, a Qualitative Study. J Res Med Dent Sci. 2018;6(1):52-8.
14. Mackey TK, Vian T, Kohler J. The sustainable development goals as a framework to combat health-sector corruption. Bull World Health Organ. 2018;96(9):634-43. [DOI:10.2471/BLT.18.209502]
15. McPake B, Asiimwe D, Mwesigye F, Ofumbi M, Ortenblad L, Streefland P, et al. Informal economic activities of public health workers in Uganda: implications for quality and accessibility of care. Soc Sci Med. 1999;49(7):849-65. [DOI:10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00144-6]
16. Ferrinho P, Omar MC, Fernandes MD, Blaise P, Bugalho AM, Lerberghe WV. Pilfering for survival: how health workers use access to drugs as a coping strategy. Hum Resour Health. 2004;2(1):4. [DOI:10.1186/1478-4491-2-4]
17. García-Prado A, Chawla M. The impact of hospital management reforms on absenteeism in Costa Rica. Health Policy. 2006;21(2):91-100. [DOI:10.1093/heapol/czj015]
18. Sommersguter-Reichmann M, Stepan A. Hospital physician payment mechanisms in Austria: do they provide gateways to institutional corruption? Health Econ Rev. 2017;7(1):11. [DOI:10.1186/s13561-017-0148-4]
19. Mirzaei V, Rahimnia F, Mortazavi S, Shirazi A. Organizational Cynicism of the Nurses: A Phenomenological Study. J Qual Res health Sci. 2018;7(1):88-102. [Persian]
20. Mostert S, Sitaresmi MN, Njuguna F, van Beers EJ, Kaspers GJ. Effect of corruption on medical care in low‐income countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;58(3):325-6. [DOI:10.1002/pbc.23408]
21. Imani H, gholipour a, Azar A, Pourezzat AA. Validation of Dimensions and Component of Risk Culture: Using Fuzzy Delphi Method. Public Administration. 2019;11(42):5-32. [Persian]
22. Jodaki H. Identification of Possible Corruption in the Health System. 1 ed. Tehran: The Social Security Research Institute; 2017. [Persian]
23. Egener BE, Mason DJ, McDonald WJ, Okun S, Gaines ME, Fleming DA, et al. The charter on professionalism for health care organizations. Acad Med. 2017;92(8):1091-9. [DOI:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001561]
24. Sachan D. Tackling corruption in Indian medicine. Lancet. 2013;382(9905):23-4. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62364-8]
25. Davies T, Polese A. Informality and survival in Ukraine's nuclear landscape: living with the risks of Chernobyl. Eurasian Studies. 2015;6(1):34-45. [DOI:10.1016/j.euras.2014.09.002]
26. Stan S. Neither commodities nor gifts: post‐socialist informal exchanges in the Romanian healthcare system. J R Anthropol Inst. 2012;18(1):65-82. [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2011.01731.x]
27. Stepurko T, Pavlova M, Gryga I, Murauskiene L, Groot W. Informal payments for health care services: the case of Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. Eurasian Studies. 2015;6(1):46-58. [DOI:10.1016/j.euras.2014.11.002]
28. Zhu W, Wang LJ, Yang CS. Corruption or professional dignity: An ethical examination of the phenomenon of "red envelopes" (monetary gifts) in medical practice in China. Dev World Bioeth. 2018;18(1):37-44. [DOI:10.1111/dewb.12152]
29. Gaal P, McKee M. Informal payment for health care and the theory of 'INXIT'. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2004;19(2):163-78. [DOI:10.1002/hpm.751]
30. Buinickiene N. Causes of Corruption and Their Management Measures in the Health Care System of Lithuania. Manag Theor Stud Rural Bus Infrastruct Dev. 2017;39(2):148-56. [DOI:10.15544/mts.2017.11]
31. Lewis MA. Who is paying for health care in Eastern Europe and Central Asia? World Bank Publications; 2000. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.1457795]
32. Chawla M, Berman P, Kawiorska D. Financing health services in Poland: new evidence on private expenditures. Health Econ. 1998;7(4):337-46.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199806)7:4<337::AID-HEC340>3.0.CO;2-Z [DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199806)7:43.0.CO;2-Z]
33. Ensor T. Informal payments for health care in transition economies. Soc Sci Med. 2004;58(2):237-46. [DOI:10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00007-8]
34. Mossialos E, Allin S, Davaki K. Analysing the Greek health system: a tale of fragmentation and inertia. Health Econ. 2005;14(1):151-68. [DOI:10.1002/hec.1033]
35. Baghdadi-Sabeti G, Serhan F. WHO Good Governance for Medicines programme: an innovative approach to prevent corruption in the pharmaceutical sector[Internet]. 2010: World Health Report [2019 July 5]. Available from:https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/goodgovernance/en/
36. Gaitonde R, Oxman AD, Okebukola PO, Rada G. Interventions to reduce corruption in the health sector. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016 [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD008856.pub2]
37. Ansari B. Freedom of information. Tehran: Ghashghaei; 2018. [Persian]
38. Faghihi A, Gholipour A, Abooyee M, Ghalibaf Asl A, Asadi A. Review of relevant legislation about physicians misconduct in Iran. Sci J Forensic Med. 2010;16(3):215-23. [Persian]
39. Taromsari M, Mirkamali S, Delpasand K. Criminological Analysis of Medical Crimes in Isfahan Province in Iran. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2018;6:372-76.
40. Kesselheim AS, Studdert DM. Whistleblower-initiated enforcement actions against health care fraud and abuse in the United States, 1996 to 2005. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(5):342-9. [DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00009]
41. Givati Y. A Theory of Whistle-blower Rewards. J Leg Stud. 2016;45(1):43-72. [DOI:10.1086/684617]
42. Talabaki Toroghi A, Attar MS. Necessities and Strategies for Establishing the National Human Rights Institution in the Islamic Republic of Iran (Based on the Constitution, Islamic Human Rights Declaration, Paris Declaration and the Precedent of the Countries). Public Law. 2017;6(17):21-41. [Persian]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Owned by Qom University of Medical Sciences
Published by Qom University of Medical Sciences Press
eISSN: 2383-3610
pISSN: 2322-4304
Email: j.hsme[at]muq.ac.ir
spirituality14[at]gmail.com
