Volume 8, Issue 1 (Mar 2021)
Health Spiritual Med Ethics 2021, 8(1): 44-54 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Modarres M, Aghaei S. Effect of Religion-Based Spirituality Education on Happiness of Postmenopausal Women: An Interventional Study. Health Spiritual Med Ethics 2021; 8 (1) :44-54
URL: http://jhsme.muq.ac.ir/article-1-410-en.html
URL: http://jhsme.muq.ac.ir/article-1-410-en.html
1- 1 Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran University of Medical Sciences , modarres@tums.ac.ir
2- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (1815 Views)
Background and Objectives: Psychological health in postmenopausal women is important. For this reason, to enhance their sense of biological happiness, religion-based spiritual therapy has been sought as a way to create happiness. This study was conducted to determine the effect of religion-based spirituality education on the happiness of postmenopausal women.
Methods: This randomized interventional study was performed on 70 postmenopausal women in 2019. They were randomly allocated into two groups (35 control and 35 intervention). Spirituality therapy was held in six 90-minute sessions once a week, through interactive lectures, group discussion, brainstorming, memory and storytelling, and feedback. Demographic data and the Oxford happiness questionnaire were used for data collection. These questionnaires were completed by both groups before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention, with the researcher’s presence to answer the research questions. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi-square, independent t test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measure in SPSS 16.
Results: The mean score of happiness in postmenopausal women was significantly higher in the intervention groups immediately (P<0.001) and one month after the intervention (P=0.04) compared to the control group. The effect size of intervention on happiness was 0.123.
Conclusion: Religion-based spirituality education is recommended as a practical and straightforward way to promote the happiness of postmenopausal women. However, further studies are recommended, due to insufficient evidence.
Methods: This randomized interventional study was performed on 70 postmenopausal women in 2019. They were randomly allocated into two groups (35 control and 35 intervention). Spirituality therapy was held in six 90-minute sessions once a week, through interactive lectures, group discussion, brainstorming, memory and storytelling, and feedback. Demographic data and the Oxford happiness questionnaire were used for data collection. These questionnaires were completed by both groups before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention, with the researcher’s presence to answer the research questions. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi-square, independent t test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measure in SPSS 16.
Results: The mean score of happiness in postmenopausal women was significantly higher in the intervention groups immediately (P<0.001) and one month after the intervention (P=0.04) compared to the control group. The effect size of intervention on happiness was 0.123.
Conclusion: Religion-based spirituality education is recommended as a practical and straightforward way to promote the happiness of postmenopausal women. However, further studies are recommended, due to insufficient evidence.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2020/10/25 | Accepted: 2021/04/20 | Published: 2021/03/30
Received: 2020/10/25 | Accepted: 2021/04/20 | Published: 2021/03/30
References
1. Get persistent links for your reference list or bibliography.
Copy and paste the list, we’ll match with our metadata and return the links.
Members may also deposit reference lists here too.
Get persistent links for your reference list or bibliography.
2. Copy and paste the list, we'll match with our metadata and return the links.
3. Members may also deposit reference lists here too.
4. Belle D. Poverty and women's mental health. Am Psychol. 1990; 45(3):385-9. [DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.45.3.385] [DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.45.3.385]
6. Cieslik M. Positive psychology and happiness. In:
7. Cieslik M. The Happiness Riddle and the Quest for a Good Life. London: Palgrave Macmillan; 2017. pp. 43-53. [DOI:10.1057/978-1-137-31882-4_4] [DOI:10.1057/978-1-137-31882-4_4]
9. Kristjánsson K. Positive psychology, happiness, and virtue: The troublesome conceptual issues. Rev Gen Psychol. 2010; 14(4):296-310. [DOI:10.1037/a0020781] [DOI:10.1037/a0020781]
11. Bolier L, Haverman M, Westerhof GJ, Riper H, Smit F, Bohlmeijer E. Positive psychology interventions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13:119. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-13-119] [DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-13-119]
13. Kyani P, Naeini SMK, Safavi M. [The effect of positive thinking training on happiness and resilience of nurses in intensive care units: A randomized clinical trial (Persian)]. Med Sci J Islam Azad Univ Tehran Med Branch. 2020; 30(2):193-203. [DOI:10.29252/iau.30.2.193] [DOI:10.29252/iau.30.2.193]
15. Montazeri A, Omidvari S, Azin A, Aeenparast A, Jahangiri K, Sadighi J, et al. [Happiness among Iranians: findings from the Iranian Health Perception Survey (IHPS) (Persian)]. Payesh. 2012; 11(4):467-75. http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-441-en.html
16. Poursardar F, Sangari AA, Abbaspour Z, Alboukurdi S. [The effect of happiness on mental health and life satisfaction: A psychological model of well-being (Persian)]. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2012; 16(2):e78828. https://sites.kowsarpub.
17. com/jkums/articles/78828.html
18. Sabatini F. The relationship between happiness and health: Evidence from Italy. Soc Sci Med. 2014; 114:178-87. [DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.024] [DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.024]
20. Lambert L, Passmore HA, Joshanloo M. A positive psychology intervention program in a culturally-diverse university: Boosting happiness and reducing fear. J Happiness Stud. 2019; 20(4):1141-62. [DOI:10.1007/s10902-018-9993-z] [DOI:10.1007/s10902-018-9993-z]
22. Diener E. Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. Am Psychol. American Psychological Association. 2000; 55(1):34-43. [DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34] [DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34]
24. Sillick WJ, Cathcart S. The relationship between religious orientation and happiness: The mediating role of purpose in life. Ment Health Relig Cult. 2014; 17(5):494-507. [DOI:10.1080/13674676.2013.852165] [DOI:10.1080/13674676.2013.852165]
26. Barger MK. Midwifery practice: Where have we been and where are we going? J Midwifery Womens Health. 2005; 50(2):87-90. [DOI:10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.12.013] [DOI:10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.12.013]
28. Jafari F. [The effectiveness of quality of life therapy in self-compassion and future time perspective in menopausal women (Persian)]. Posit Psychol Res. 2017; 3(2):37-50. [DOI:10.22108/PPLS.2018.103655.1104]
29. Ciarrocchi JW, Dy-Liacco GS, Deneke E. Gods or rituals? Relational faith, spiritual discontent, and religious practices as predictors of hope and optimism. J Posit Psychol. 2008; 3(2):120-36. [DOI:10.1080/17439760701760666] [DOI:10.1080/17439760701760666]
31. Williams DR, Sternthal MJ. Spirituality, religion and health: Evidence and research directions. Med J Aust. 2007; 186(S10):S47-50. [DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01040.x] [DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01040.x]
33. Eckersley RM. Culture, spirituality, religion and health: Looking at the big picture. Med J Aust. 2007; 186(10):S54-6. [DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01042.x] [DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01042.x]
35. Marques SC, Lopez SJ, Mitchell J. The role of hope, spirituality and religious practice in adolescents' life satisfaction: Longitudinal findings. J Happiness Stud. 2013; 14(1):251-61. [DOI:10.1007/s10902-012-9329-3] [DOI:10.1007/s10902-012-9329-3]
37. 18. King DE, Cummings D, Whetstone L. Attendance at religious services and subsequent mental health in midlife women. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2005; 35(3):287-97. [DOI:10.2190/DEB0-B55Y-7EW6-8D7B] [DOI:10.2190/DEB0-B55Y-7EW6-8D7B]
39. Sherwin BB. Estrogen effects on cognition in menopausal women. Neurology. 1997; 48(5 Suppl 7):21S-6. [DOI:10.1212/WNL.48.5_Suppl_7.21S] [DOI:10.1212/WNL.48.5_Suppl_7.21S]
41. Streib H, Hood RW, Keller B, Csöff RM, Silver CF. Deconversion: Qualitative and quantitative results from cross-cultural research in Germany and the United States of America. Research in contemporary religion. Vol. 5. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; 2009. [DOI: 10.13109/9783666604393] [DOI:10.13109/9783666604393]
43. Zinnbauer BJ, Pargament KI. Religiousness and spirituality. In: Paloutzian RF, Park CL, editors. Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2005. pp. 21-42. https://psycnet.apa.org/
44. record/2006-00771-002
45. Demmrich S, Huber S. Multidimensionality of spirituality: A qualitative study among secular individuals. Religions. 2019; 10(11):613. [DOI:10.3390/rel10110613] [DOI:10.3390/rel10110613]
47. Aloustani S, Mamashli L. [The effect of spiritual group therapy on death anxiety in the elderly (Persian)]. Hayat. 2020; 26(1):46-57. http://hayat.tums.ac.ir/article-1-3405-en.html
48. Salesi M, Jowkar B. [Effects of exercise and physical activity on happiness of postmenopausal female (Persian)]. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2011; 6(2):7-14. http://salmandj.
49. uswr.ac.ir/article-1-415-fa.html
50. Argyle M, Martin M, Crossland J. Happiness as
51. a function of personality and social encounters. In:
52. Forgas JP, Innes JM, editors. Recent Advances in Social Psychology: An International Perspective. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; 1989. pp. 189-203. https://books.
53. google.com/books?id=Y1DmAAAAIAAJ&dq
54. Afrooz GA, Dalir M, Sadeghi M. [The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on body image, life expectancy and happiness in women with mastectomy experience (Persian)]. Q J Health Psychol. 2018; 6(24):180-95. http://hpj.journals.
55. pnu.ac.ir/article_4542.html
56. Alipour A, Noorbala AA. [A Preliminary Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in Isfahan Universities (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology. 1999; 2(1,2):55-64.
57. Abedi MR, Mirshah Jafari SE, Liyaghatdar MJ. [Standardization of the Oxford Happiness Inventory in students of Isfahan University (Persian)]. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2006; 12(2):95-100. http://ijpcp.iums.
58. ac.ir/article-1-1-en.html
59. Lotfi Kashani F, Vaziri Sh, Arjmand S, Mousavi SM, Hashemiyeh M. [Effectiveness of spiritual intervention on reducing distress in mothers of children with cancer (Persian)]. Med Ethics. 2014; 6(20):173-86. [DOI: 10.22037/mej.v6i20.3640]
60. Sadri Damirchi E, Mohammadi N, Ramezani Sh, Amanzad Z. [The effectiveness of spirituality group therapy on happiness and hardiness in elderly women (Persian)]. Res Relig Health. 2018; 4(2):42-53. [DOI:10.22037/jrrh.v4i2.15862]
61. Kamari S, Fooladchang M. [Effectiveness of spirituality therapy training based on positivity on life expectancy and life satisfaction in adolescents (Persian)]. Res Clin Psychol Counse. 2017; 6(1):5-23. [DOI:10.22067/IJAP.V6I1.41092]
62. Khalili Senobari S, Faliahi-Khoshknab M, Rahgoy A, Hosseini MA, Rezasoltani P. [Effect of spiritual-religion care on depression in women with multiple sclerosis (Persian)]. Iran J Psychiatr Nurs. 2019; 7(3):8-14. http://ijpn.ir/article-1-1299-fa.html
63. Pandya SP. Spirituality, happiness, and psychological well-being in 13-to 15-year olds: A cross-country longitudinal RCT study. J Pastoral Care Counsel. 2017; 71(1):12-26. [DOI:10.1177/1542305016687581] [DOI:10.1177/1542305016687581]
65. Tse MMY, Lo APK, Cheng TLY, Chan EKK, Chan AHY, Chung HSW. Humor therapy: Relieving chronic pain and enhancing happiness for older adults. J Aging Res. 2010; 2010:343574. [DOI:10.4061/2010/343574] [DOI:10.4061/2010/343574]
67. Snider AM, McPhedran S. Religiosity, spirituality, mental health, and mental health treatment outcomes in Australia: A systematic literature review. Ment Health Relig Cult. 2014; 17(6):568-81. [DOI:10.1080/13674676.2013.871240] [DOI:10.1080/13674676.2013.871240]
69. Ghahari Sh, Falah R, Bolhari J, Moosavi SM, Razaghi Z, Akbari ME. [Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and spiritual-religious interventions on reducing anxiety and depression of women with breast cancer (Persian)]. Knowl Res Appl Psychol. 2013; 13(50):33-40. http://jsr-p.khuisf.ac.ir/article_533843.html
70. Jasielska D, Rogoza R, Russa MB, Park J, Zajenkowska A. Happiness and hostile attributions in a cross-cultural context: The importance of interdependence. J Happiness Stud. 2021; 22(1):163-79. [DOI:10.1007/s10902-020-00224-w] [DOI:10.1007/s10902-020-00224-w]
72. Nouri M, Kamali M, Mobaraki H. Relationship between spiritual wellbeing and productivity among the rehabilitation staff of Tehran welfare organization. Health Spiritual Med Ethics. 2020; 7(3):9-16. [DOI:10.52547/jhsme.7.3.9] [DOI:10.52547/jhsme.7.3.9]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Owned by Qom University of Medical Sciences
Published by Qom University of Medical Sciences Press
eISSN: 2383-3610
pISSN: 2322-4304
Email: j.hsme[at]muq.ac.ir
spirituality14[at]gmail.com
