Volume 6, Issue 2 (June 2019)
Health Spiritual Med Ethics 2019, 6(2): 24-30 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Safara M, KHanbabaee M, KHanbabaee M. The Effect of Spiritual Skills Training on the Quality of Life in Mothers of Mentally Retarded Children. Health Spiritual Med Ethics 2019; 6 (2) :24-30
URL: http://jhsme.muq.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html
URL: http://jhsme.muq.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. , safara_maryam@yahoo.com
2- Department of Psychology, Science and Research University, Ghazvin, Iran., Alzahra University
3- Department of Psychology, Science and Research University, Ghazvin, Iran.
2- Department of Psychology, Science and Research University, Ghazvin, Iran., Alzahra University
3- Department of Psychology, Science and Research University, Ghazvin, Iran.
Abstract: (4036 Views)
Background and Objectives: Mentally retarded children put mothers under physical, mental, and social pressures that severely decrease their quality of life. Meanwhile, spiritual skills training programs can lead to the empowerment of mothers in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spiritual skills training on the quality of life in mothers of mentally retarded children.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The data were collected using the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire. In total, 20 mothers of mentally retarded children, who had met the inclusion criteria, were selected utilizing convenient random sampling. The participants were then assigned randomly into experimental (n=10) and control groups (n=10). The experimental group received the interventions through eight 90-min to 2-h sessions. The post-test was taken after the intervention.
Results: According to the results, the mean±SD values of the quality of life before the intervention were 67.00±11.83 and 67.11±6.25 in the experimental and control groups, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the two groups. However, regarding the mean±SD values of the quality of life after the intervention, the experimental and control groups obtained 72.22±10.10 and 67.33±7.02, respectively, which was statistically significant (P<0.05, F=4.83).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, spiritual skills training have a significant effect on the quality of life in mothers of mentally retarded children. Accordingly, this approach can be utilized as a useful tool to improve the quality of life in mothers of mentally retarded children.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The data were collected using the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire. In total, 20 mothers of mentally retarded children, who had met the inclusion criteria, were selected utilizing convenient random sampling. The participants were then assigned randomly into experimental (n=10) and control groups (n=10). The experimental group received the interventions through eight 90-min to 2-h sessions. The post-test was taken after the intervention.
Results: According to the results, the mean±SD values of the quality of life before the intervention were 67.00±11.83 and 67.11±6.25 in the experimental and control groups, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the two groups. However, regarding the mean±SD values of the quality of life after the intervention, the experimental and control groups obtained 72.22±10.10 and 67.33±7.02, respectively, which was statistically significant (P<0.05, F=4.83).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, spiritual skills training have a significant effect on the quality of life in mothers of mentally retarded children. Accordingly, this approach can be utilized as a useful tool to improve the quality of life in mothers of mentally retarded children.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2018/12/17 | Accepted: 2019/05/6 | Published: 2019/06/10
Received: 2018/12/17 | Accepted: 2019/05/6 | Published: 2019/06/10
References
1. Rahbar Karbasdehi F, Abolghasemi A, Rahbar Karbasdehi E. Effect of Stress Management Training Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Approach on Improving Parent- Child Relationship and Psychological Well- Being in Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability. J Child Mental Health. 2016;3(3):59-71. [Persian] [Link]
2. Naeimi G, Zahrakar k, Mohsenzadeh F, irsaghi F. The Effectiveness of Psycho-social Empowerment Program in reducing Parental Stress and Enhancing Psychological Well-Being of Parents with Mentally Retarded Children. Empowering Except Child. 2017;8(2):96-107. [Persian] [Link]
3. Abbasi S, Fadakar Sogheh K, Mehdizadeh S. Effective Factors on Emotional Conditions of Families of Mentally Retarded Children under Protection of Guilan Welfare Centers. J Prev Care Nurs Midwifery. 2012;1(2);35-42. [Persian] [Link]
4. Goodarzi F, Soltani Z, Hoseini Seddigh SM, Hamdami M, Ghasemi Jobaneh R. Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Emotion Regulation and Quality of Life of Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disability. J Disab Stud. 2017;7:1-6. [Persian] [Link]
5. Haghranjbar F, Kakavand B, Bermas H. Resilience and quality of life of mothers with mentally retarded children. J Health psychol. 2011;1(1):177-87. [Persian] [Link]
6. Mojarrad Kahani AH, Ghanbari Hashem Abadi BA,ModaresGharavi M. The efficacy of group psycho educational interventions in promoting quality of life and quality of relationships on family of patients with bipolar disorders. J Behav Sci. 2012;2(10):114-23. [Persian] [Link]
7. Malekpoor M, Farehani H, Aghai A, Bahrami A. The Effect of Life-Skills Training on Mothers Stress Having Mentally Retarded and Normal Children. J Except Child. 2006;6(2):661-76. [Persian] [Link]
8. Revheim N, Greenberg WM. Spirituality matters: Creating a time and place for hope. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2007 Spring;30(4):307-10. [Link] [DOI:10.2975/30.4.2007.307.310]
9. Fathi A, Amrani A. The Role and Function of Religion and Spirituality in Mental Health. J Insight Islam Educ. 2016;13(37):45-66. [Persian] [Link]
10. Grabovac A, Clark N, McKenna M. Pilot study and evaluation of postgraduate course on "The interface between spirituality, religion and psychiatry. Acad Psychiatry. 2008;32(4):332-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1176/appi.ap.32.4.332]
11. Safari zadeh MH, Azizi zadeh Forozy M, Tirgari B, Jahani Y. Relationship between quality of life and spiritual needs of cancer patients. Teb va tazkiye.
12. 2017;25(4):199-212. [Persian] [Link]
13. Niaz Azari M, Abdollahi M, Zabihi Hesari NKh, Ashoori J. Effect of Spiritual Group Therapy on Anxiety and Quality of Life among Gestational Diabetic Females. J Relig Health. 2017;5(1):11-20. [Persian] [Link]
14. Karimi MM, Shariatnia K. Efeectiveness of spiritual therapy on the life quality of the women with breast cancer in Tehran. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2017;15(2):107-18. [Persian] [Link]
15. Bai M, Lazenby M, Jeon S, Dixon J, McCorkle R. Exploring the relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer. Palliat Support Care. 2015;13(4):927-35. [Link] [DOI:10.1017/S1478951514000820]
16. Husseindokht A, Fathi Ashtiyani A, Taqizadeh M E. The Relationship of Spiritual Intelligence and Spiritual Well-being with Life Quality and Marital Satisfaction. J Psychol Relig. 2013;6(2):57-74. [Persian] [Link]
17. Asgeirsdottir GH, Sigurdardottir V, Gunnarsdottir S, Sigurbjornsson E, Traustadottir R, Kelly E, et al. Spiritual well-being and quality of life among Icelanders receiving palliative care: data from Icelandic pilot-testing of a provisional measure of spiritual well-being from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2). [Link] [DOI:10.1111/ecc.12394]
18. Suldo S, Savage, J, Mercer S. Increasing middle school student's life satisfaction: Efficacy of a positive of a positive psychology group intervention. J Happiness Stud. 2013;25:1-24. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s10902-013-9414-2]
19. Narimani M, Ilbeigy ghale nei R, Rostami M. Role of Religious attitudes, Spiritual Well-Being and social support in predicting the life satisfaction in mothers of mental retardation children. J Islam Health. 2014;1(3):41-49. [Persian] [Link]
20. Shahbazi H, Shakerinejad Gh, Ghajari H, Ghofranipour F, Lotfizadeh M. Relationship of Spirituality and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 diabetes. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;17(5):345-52. [Persian] [Link]
21. Giovagnoli RF, Meneses RF, Da Silva AM. The
22. contribution of spirituality to quality of life in Focal epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2006;9(1):133-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.04.002]
23. Silva MS, Kimura M, Stelmach R, Santos VL. Quality of life and spiritual well-being in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2009 Dec;43(SPE2):1187-92. [Link] [DOI:10.1590/S0080-62342009000600007]
24. Safara M, et al
25. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics - Vol.6, No.2, Jun 2019 30
26. McKnight D. An investigation into the relationship between spirituality and life satisfaction. California State University, Long Beach; 2005.
27. Bolhari J, Ghobaribonab B, Ghahari Sh, Mirzaei M, Raghebian R, Doosalivand H. Spiritual skills training. Tehran: Tehran University; 2013. [Persian] [Link]
28. Noori R. Spiritual skills training. Tehran: Tehran University; 2013. [Persian]
29. Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh S.R. The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. J Sch Public Health Institute Public Health Res. 2006;4(4):1-12. [Persian] [Link]
30. Milanifar B. The Psychology of Exceptional Children and Adolescents. Tehran: Ghoomes; 2017. [Persian] [Link]
31. Komeijani M. Exceptional Children and Moms Challenges. J Except educ. 2012;2(110):38-43. [Persian] [Link]
32. Rezaeian H, Hosseinian S, Asnaashari M. Comparing The effects of cognitive-behavior therapy and mood inuction therapy on improving depressed mothers mood with intellectually disable children. J Psychol Stud. 2015;10(4):33-52. [Persian] [Link]
33. Aghaei S, Yousefi Z. The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on Psychological Capitals and its Dimensions among Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability. J Child Mental Health. 2017;4(2);49-60. [Persian] [Link]
34. Taghizadeh H, Asadi R. Comparative analysis of Quality Of Life in Mothers of Children with Mental Disability and Mothers of Normal Children. Middle East J Disabil Stud. 2014;2(4):66-74. [Persian] [Link]
35. Mehrabi E, Hajian S, Simbar M, Hoshyari M. Religion, Spirituality and Coping with Breast Cancer: A Phenomenological Study. J Res Relig Health. 2016;2(2):12-23. [Persian] [Link]
36. Bahrami Ehsan H, Rwzapoor. Relationship between coping styles, religious orientation and personality dimensions with mental health of mothers with mentally retarded children. J Except Child. 2010;10(3):245-58. [Persian] [Link]
37. Hidarisharaf P, Dabirian M, Parvaneh A, Naderi GH, Karimi P. Relationship of quality of life, spirituality and resilience with suicidal thoughts in students. Islam Health J. 2015;2(2):23-9. [Persian] [Link]
38. Hajizad R, Abdollahzadeh H, Gholami M. The impact of training spiritual/religious copings skills on level of anxiety and stress coping strategies of patients with type II Diabetes to provide nursing and caring strategies. J Diabetes Nurs. 2016;4(4):72-83. [Persian] [Link]
39. Kaisa E, Sirpa H, Irma N. Is Loneliness Associated with Malnutrition in Older People? Int J Gerontol. 2016;10(1):43-5. [Link]
10.1016/j.ijge.2015.09.0011. Rahbar Karbasdehi F, Abolghasemi A, Rahbar Karbasdehi E. Effect of Stress Management Training Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Approach on Improving Parent- Child Relationship and Psychological Well- Being in Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability. J Child Mental Health. 2016;3(3):59-71. [Persian] [Link] []
40. Naeimi G, Zahrakar k, Mohsenzadeh F, irsaghi F. The Effectiveness of Psycho-social Empowerment Program in reducing Parental Stress and Enhancing Psychological Well-Being of Parents with Mentally Retarded Children. Empowering Except Child. 2017;8(2):96-107. [Persian] [Link]
41. Abbasi S, Fadakar Sogheh K, Mehdizadeh S. Effective Factors on Emotional Conditions of Families of Mentally Retarded Children under Protection of Guilan Welfare Centers. J Prev Care Nurs Midwifery. 2012;1(2);35-42. [Persian] [Link]
42. Goodarzi F, Soltani Z, Hoseini Seddigh SM, Hamdami M, Ghasemi Jobaneh R. Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Emotion Regulation and Quality of Life of Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disability. J Disab Stud. 2017;7:1-6. [Persian] [Link]
43. Haghranjbar F, Kakavand B, Bermas H. Resilience and quality of life of mothers with mentally retarded children. J Health psychol. 2011;1(1):177-87. [Persian] [Link]
44. Mojarrad Kahani AH, Ghanbari Hashem Abadi BA,ModaresGharavi M. The efficacy of group psycho educational interventions in promoting quality of life and quality of relationships on family of patients with bipolar disorders. J Behav Sci. 2012;2(10):114-23. [Persian] [Link]
45. Malekpoor M, Farehani H, Aghai A, Bahrami A. The Effect of Life-Skills Training on Mothers Stress Having Mentally Retarded and Normal Children. J Except Child. 2006;6(2):661-76. [Persian] [Link]
46. Revheim N, Greenberg WM. Spirituality matters: Creating a time and place for hope. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2007 Spring;30(4):307-10. [Link] [DOI:10.2975/30.4.2007.307.310]
47. Fathi A, Amrani A. The Role and Function of Religion and Spirituality in Mental Health. J Insight Islam Educ. 2016;13(37):45-66. [Persian] [Link]
48. Grabovac A, Clark N, McKenna M. Pilot study and evaluation of postgraduate course on "The interface between spirituality, religion and psychiatry. Acad Psychiatry. 2008;32(4):332-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1176/appi.ap.32.4.332]
49. Safari zadeh MH, Azizi zadeh Forozy M, Tirgari B, Jahani Y. Relationship between quality of life and spiritual needs of cancer patients. Teb va tazkiye.
50. 2017;25(4):199-212. [Persian] [Link]
51. Niaz Azari M, Abdollahi M, Zabihi Hesari NKh, Ashoori J. Effect of Spiritual Group Therapy on Anxiety and Quality of Life among Gestational Diabetic Females. J Relig Health. 2017;5(1):11-20. [Persian] [Link]
52. Karimi MM, Shariatnia K. Efeectiveness of spiritual therapy on the life quality of the women with breast cancer in Tehran. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2017;15(2):107-18. [Persian] [Link]
53. Bai M, Lazenby M, Jeon S, Dixon J, McCorkle R. Exploring the relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer. Palliat Support Care. 2015;13(4):927-35. [Link] [DOI:10.1017/S1478951514000820]
54. Husseindokht A, Fathi Ashtiyani A, Taqizadeh M E. The Relationship of Spiritual Intelligence and Spiritual Well-being with Life Quality and Marital Satisfaction. J Psychol Relig. 2013;6(2):57-74. [Persian] [Link]
55. Asgeirsdottir GH, Sigurdardottir V, Gunnarsdottir S, Sigurbjornsson E, Traustadottir R, Kelly E, et al. Spiritual well-being and quality of life among Icelanders receiving palliative care: data from Icelandic pilot-testing of a provisional measure of spiritual well-being from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2). [Link] [DOI:10.1111/ecc.12394]
56. Suldo S, Savage, J, Mercer S. Increasing middle school student's life satisfaction: Efficacy of a positive of a positive psychology group intervention. J Happiness Stud. 2013;25:1-24. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s10902-013-9414-2]
57. Narimani M, Ilbeigy ghale nei R, Rostami M. Role of Religious attitudes, Spiritual Well-Being and social support in predicting the life satisfaction in mothers of mental retardation children. J Islam Health. 2014;1(3):41-49. [Persian] [Link]
58. Shahbazi H, Shakerinejad Gh, Ghajari H, Ghofranipour F, Lotfizadeh M. Relationship of Spirituality and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 diabetes. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;17(5):345-52. [Persian] [Link]
59. Giovagnoli RF, Meneses RF, Da Silva AM. The
60. contribution of spirituality to quality of life in Focal epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2006;9(1):133-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.04.002]
61. Silva MS, Kimura M, Stelmach R, Santos VL. Quality of life and spiritual well-being in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2009 Dec;43(SPE2):1187-92. [Link] [DOI:10.1590/S0080-62342009000600007]
62. Safara M, et al
63. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics - Vol.6, No.2, Jun 2019 30
64. McKnight D. An investigation into the relationship between spirituality and life satisfaction. California State University, Long Beach; 2005.
65. Bolhari J, Ghobaribonab B, Ghahari Sh, Mirzaei M, Raghebian R, Doosalivand H. Spiritual skills training. Tehran: Tehran University; 2013. [Persian] [Link]
66. Noori R. Spiritual skills training. Tehran: Tehran University; 2013. [Persian]
67. Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh S.R. The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. J Sch Public Health Institute Public Health Res. 2006;4(4):1-12. [Persian] [Link]
68. Milanifar B. The Psychology of Exceptional Children and Adolescents. Tehran: Ghoomes; 2017. [Persian] [Link]
69. Komeijani M. Exceptional Children and Moms Challenges. J Except educ. 2012;2(110):38-43. [Persian] [Link]
70. Rezaeian H, Hosseinian S, Asnaashari M. Comparing The effects of cognitive-behavior therapy and mood inuction therapy on improving depressed mothers mood with intellectually disable children. J Psychol Stud. 2015;10(4):33-52. [Persian] [Link]
71. Aghaei S, Yousefi Z. The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on Psychological Capitals and its Dimensions among Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability. J Child Mental Health. 2017;4(2);49-60. [Persian] [Link]
72. Taghizadeh H, Asadi R. Comparative analysis of Quality Of Life in Mothers of Children with Mental Disability and Mothers of Normal Children. Middle East J Disabil Stud. 2014;2(4):66-74. [Persian] [Link]
73. Mehrabi E, Hajian S, Simbar M, Hoshyari M. Religion, Spirituality and Coping with Breast Cancer: A Phenomenological Study. J Res Relig Health. 2016;2(2):12-23. [Persian] [Link]
74. Bahrami Ehsan H, Rwzapoor. Relationship between coping styles, religious orientation and personality dimensions with mental health of mothers with mentally retarded children. J Except Child. 2010;10(3):245-58. [Persian] [Link]
75. Hidarisharaf P, Dabirian M, Parvaneh A, Naderi GH, Karimi P. Relationship of quality of life, spirituality and resilience with suicidal thoughts in students. Islam Health J. 2015;2(2):23-9. [Persian] [Link]
76. Rahbar Karbasdehi F, Abolghasemi A, Rahbar Karbasdehi E. Effect of Stress Management Training Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Approach on Improving Parent- Child Relationship and Psychological Well- Being in Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability. J Child Mental Health. 2016;3(3):59-71. [Persian] [Link]
77. Naeimi G, Zahrakar k, Mohsenzadeh F, irsaghi F. The Effectiveness of Psycho-social Empowerment Program in reducing Parental Stress and Enhancing Psychological Well-Being of Parents with Mentally Retarded Children. Empowering Except Child. 2017;8(2):96-107. [Persian] [Link]
78. Abbasi S, Fadakar Sogheh K, Mehdizadeh S. Effective Factors on Emotional Conditions of Families of Mentally Retarded Children under Protection of Guilan Welfare Centers. J Prev Care Nurs Midwifery. 2012;1(2);35-42. [Persian] [Link]
79. Goodarzi F, Soltani Z, Hoseini Seddigh SM, Hamdami M, Ghasemi Jobaneh R. Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Emotion Regulation and Quality of Life of Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disability. J Disab Stud. 2017;7:1-6. [Persian] [Link]
80. Haghranjbar F, Kakavand B, Bermas H. Resilience and quality of life of mothers with mentally retarded children. J Health psychol. 2011;1(1):177-87. [Persian] [Link]
81. Mojarrad Kahani AH, Ghanbari Hashem Abadi BA,ModaresGharavi M. The efficacy of group psycho educational interventions in promoting quality of life and quality of relationships on family of patients with bipolar disorders. J Behav Sci. 2012;2(10):114-23. [Persian] [Link]
82. Malekpoor M, Farehani H, Aghai A, Bahrami A. The Effect of Life-Skills Training on Mothers Stress Having Mentally Retarded and Normal Children. J Except Child. 2006;6(2):661-76. [Persian] [Link]
83. Revheim N, Greenberg WM. Spirituality matters: Creating a time and place for hope. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2007 Spring;30(4):307-10. [Link] [DOI:10.2975/30.4.2007.307.310]
84. Fathi A, Amrani A. The Role and Function of Religion and Spirituality in Mental Health. J Insight Islam Educ. 2016;13(37):45-66. [Persian] [Link]
85. Grabovac A, Clark N, McKenna M. Pilot study and evaluation of postgraduate course on "The interface between spirituality, religion and psychiatry. Acad Psychiatry. 2008;32(4):332-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1176/appi.ap.32.4.332]
86. Safari zadeh MH, Azizi zadeh Forozy M, Tirgari B, Jahani Y. Relationship between quality of life and spiritual needs of cancer patients. Teb va tazkiye.
87. 2017;25(4):199-212. [Persian] [Link]
88. Niaz Azari M, Abdollahi M, Zabihi Hesari NKh, Ashoori J. Effect of Spiritual Group Therapy on Anxiety and Quality of Life among Gestational Diabetic Females. J Relig Health. 2017;5(1):11-20. [Persian] [Link]
89. Karimi MM, Shariatnia K. Efeectiveness of spiritual therapy on the life quality of the women with breast cancer in Tehran. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2017;15(2):107-18. [Persian] [Link]
90. Bai M, Lazenby M, Jeon S, Dixon J, McCorkle R. Exploring the relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer. Palliat Support Care. 2015;13(4):927-35. [Link] [DOI:10.1017/S1478951514000820]
91. Husseindokht A, Fathi Ashtiyani A, Taqizadeh M E. The Relationship of Spiritual Intelligence and Spiritual Well-being with Life Quality and Marital Satisfaction. J Psychol Relig. 2013;6(2):57-74. [Persian] [Link]
92. Asgeirsdottir GH, Sigurdardottir V, Gunnarsdottir S, Sigurbjornsson E, Traustadottir R, Kelly E, et al. Spiritual well-being and quality of life among Icelanders receiving palliative care: data from Icelandic pilot-testing of a provisional measure of spiritual well-being from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(2). [Link] [DOI:10.1111/ecc.12394]
93. Suldo S, Savage, J, Mercer S. Increasing middle school student's life satisfaction: Efficacy of a positive of a positive psychology group intervention. J Happiness Stud. 2013;25:1-24. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s10902-013-9414-2]
94. Narimani M, Ilbeigy ghale nei R, Rostami M. Role of Religious attitudes, Spiritual Well-Being and social support in predicting the life satisfaction in mothers of mental retardation children. J Islam Health. 2014;1(3):41-49. [Persian] [Link]
95. Shahbazi H, Shakerinejad Gh, Ghajari H, Ghofranipour F, Lotfizadeh M. Relationship of Spirituality and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 diabetes. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;17(5):345-52. [Persian] [Link]
96. Giovagnoli RF, Meneses RF, Da Silva AM. The
97. contribution of spirituality to quality of life in Focal epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2006;9(1):133-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.04.002]
98. Silva MS, Kimura M, Stelmach R, Santos VL. Quality of life and spiritual well-being in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2009 Dec;43(SPE2):1187-92. [Link] [DOI:10.1590/S0080-62342009000600007]
99. Safara M, et al
100. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics - Vol.6, No.2, Jun 2019 30
101. McKnight D. An investigation into the relationship between spirituality and life satisfaction. California State University, Long Beach; 2005.
102. Bolhari J, Ghobaribonab B, Ghahari Sh, Mirzaei M, Raghebian R, Doosalivand H. Spiritual skills training. Tehran: Tehran University; 2013. [Persian] [Link]
103. Noori R. Spiritual skills training. Tehran: Tehran University; 2013. [Persian]
104. Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh S.R. The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. J Sch Public Health Institute Public Health Res. 2006;4(4):1-12. [Persian] [Link]
105. Milanifar B. The Psychology of Exceptional Children and Adolescents. Tehran: Ghoomes; 2017. [Persian] [Link]
106. Komeijani M. Exceptional Children and Moms Challenges. J Except educ. 2012;2(110):38-43. [Persian] [Link]
107. Rezaeian H, Hosseinian S, Asnaashari M. Comparing The effects of cognitive-behavior therapy and mood inuction therapy on improving depressed mothers mood with intellectually disable children. J Psychol Stud. 2015;10(4):33-52. [Persian] [Link]
108. Aghaei S, Yousefi Z. The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on Psychological Capitals and its Dimensions among Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability. J Child Mental Health. 2017;4(2);49-60. [Persian] [Link]
109. Taghizadeh H, Asadi R. Comparative analysis of Quality Of Life in Mothers of Children with Mental Disability and Mothers of Normal Children. Middle East J Disabil Stud. 2014;2(4):66-74. [Persian] [Link]
110. Mehrabi E, Hajian S, Simbar M, Hoshyari M. Religion, Spirituality and Coping with Breast Cancer: A Phenomenological Study. J Res Relig Health. 2016;2(2):12-23. [Persian] [Link]
111. Bahrami Ehsan H, Rwzapoor. Relationship between coping styles, religious orientation and personality dimensions with mental health of mothers with mentally retarded children. J Except Child. 2010;10(3):245-58. [Persian] [Link]
112. Hidarisharaf P, Dabirian M, Parvaneh A, Naderi GH, Karimi P. Relationship of quality of life, spirituality and resilience with suicidal thoughts in students. Islam Health J. 2015;2(2):23-9. [Persian] [Link]
113. Hajizad R, Abdollahzadeh H, Gholami M. The impact of training spiritual/religious copings skills on level of anxiety and stress coping strategies of patients with type II Diabetes to provide nursing and caring strategies. J Diabetes Nurs. 2016;4(4):72-83. [Persian] [Link]
114. Kaisa E, Sirpa H, Irma N. Is Loneliness Associated with Malnutrition in Older People? Int J Gerontol. 2016;10(1):43-5. [Link]
34. Hajizad R, Abdollahzadeh H, Gholami M. The impact of training spiritual/religious copings skills on level of anxiety and stress coping strategies of patients with type II Diabetes to provide nursing and caring strategies. J Diabetes Nurs. 2016;4(4):72-83. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.ijge.2015.09.001]
115. Kaisa E, Sirpa H, Irma N. Is Loneliness Associated with Malnutrition in Older People? Int J Gerontol. 2016;10(1):43-5. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.ijge.2015.09.001]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Owned by Qom University of Medical Sciences
Published by Qom University of Medical Sciences Press
eISSN: 2383-3610
pISSN: 2322-4304
Email: j.hsme[at]muq.ac.ir
spirituality14[at]gmail.com
